What you need to know about Asthma? Exclusive interview with Dr Kishan Srikanth, Interventional Pulmonologist from Star Hospitals

Doctor, can you tell us about World Asthma Day and its significance?

World Asthma Day is observed every year on the first Tuesday of May, and this year, it falls on May 7th. It's a crucial day dedicated to raising awareness about Asthma, a chronic lung condition affecting millions worldwide.
The theme for this year is "ASTHMA EDUCATION EMPOWERS," highlighting the importance of helping individuals with asthma to manage their condition effectively and seek timely medical help.

What exactly is bronchial asthma?

Bronchial asthma is a chronic lung condition that results in the inflammation of the airways, excess mucus production, and difficulty in breathing. It affects a large portion of the global population and is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths worldwide.

Who is at risk of developing asthma?

People prone to allergies (Atopy), a family history of asthma, exposure to smoking during pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency, and have had contact with allergens and pollutants, face a higher risk of developing asthma.

If someone has a family history of asthma, does that mean they will develop it?

Not necessarily. While there's a higher chance of developing asthma if there's a family history, it doesn't follow a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern. However, the risk is increased compared to those without a family history.

How can individuals confirm if they have bronchial asthma?

Diagnosis typically involves experiencing two or more symptoms such as wheezing, coughing (often worse at night), shortness of breath, or chest tightness, along with spirometry or PFT i.e. Pulmonary Function Test that shows any airway obstruction and helps diagnose Asthma.

What are some common asthma triggers, and how can they be avoided?

Asthma triggers vary from person to person but may include
• Indoor allergens: Dust mites, Mold, Animal danders (skin, fur, feathers, saliva), Cockroaches
• Outdoor allergens: Cigarette smoke and ashes, Aerosol sprays and perfumes, Gas stoves, fireplace smoke, cooking odors, Air pollution, car exhaust, and gas fumes.
• Physical activity
• Climate
• Avoid the trigger entirely or limit exposure to the trigger if it cannot be completely avoided.

Is there a relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis?

Yes, up to 50 percent of asthma patients also have allergic rhinitis. Treating allergic rhinitis is equally important in managing asthma effectively.
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Is asthma a life-threatening condition?

If left untreated or poorly managed, asthma can indeed be life-threatening.

What is the main treatment for asthma?

Inhaler therapy is the mainstay of asthma treatment, often following a stepwise management approach. It's important never to abruptly stop asthma treatment but to gradually step it down once symptoms are under control.

*Finally, could you clarify some common myths and facts about asthma?*
Certainly. Contrary to popular belief, inhalers are not addictive, they don't stunt children's growth, and inhaled steroids are not harmful in the small doses they deliver. Inhalers are not a last resort but a first-line treatment for asthma, and they're not just for severe cases but also for long-term control.

Dr. Kishan Srikanth - MBBS, MD, DM - Consultant clinical and interventional Pulmonary, Star Group of Hospitals, Nanakramguda.